Trailer mounted battery range extender for electric truck tractor

ABSTRACT

A tractor trailer battery system having a battery compartment containing one or more battery units which house one or more battery cells, electrical leads from the battery units to a trailer mounted controller in electrical communication with a cab mounted controller which is in electrical communication an electric motor or hybrid engine system. The battery system allows for either the trailer mounted controller or the cab mounted controller to provide principal communication to the electric motor or hybrid engine system.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application Ser. No.62/646,647, filed 22 Mar. 2018.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention pertains to a tractor trailer battery system.Tractor trailers are typically used to haul cargo from one location toanother. The tractor trailer comprises a tractor or truck mechanicallyin communication with a trailer, where the cargo is stored in thetrailer during transportation.

Tractor trailers employ diesel engines. Diesel engines have been used inlarge trucks such as tractor trailers due to the better fuel efficiencyin long hauls, where idling is not common practice. In addition, dieselengines have been preferred over gasoline engines in trucks because ofthe increased torque provided by diesel engines at lower revolutions perminute, and the longer life cycles of diesel engines. However, as withgasoline, the cost of diesel fuel has risen.

Alternative power sources for vehicles have existed since themid-19^(th) century, when electricity was a preferred method for vehiclepropulsion. Development in the area was surpassed by the internalcombustion engine and remained so for almost 100 years. In recent years,increases in fuel prices and recognition of the harms the burning offossil fuels have had on the environment have reinvigorated the pushtowards an electric transportation infrastructure. The reinvigorationhas led to an opening of electric cars into the market from bothestablished car makers and specialized manufacturers.

Developments have been made in the realm of trucks and tractor trailers.However, there remains a key variable that has to date been difficult toovercome, range. Current tractor trucks have a distance of less than 200miles per battery charge. Long haul tractor trailers running on dieselfuel may run up to 1,400 miles before refueling. This number isdependent on the amount of fuel the tractor trailer is able to carry foruse in transporting cargo and the efficiency of the engine powering thetractor trailer. The use of an electric tractor trailer having a 100-200mile range is minimized to intra-population center cargo transportation.In addition, the amount of time required to recharge the batteries wouldreduce the hauling efficiency of the truck. Thus, the current electricpowered tractor trailers are unable to efficiently transport productsbetween population centers.

There is a need for a tractor trailer containing an electric motor orhybrid engine for the purpose of reducing fuel costs.

There is a need for a tractor trailer containing an electric motor orhybrid engine, with a range greater than 200 miles, for the purpose oftransporting cargo between population centers. Thus, a need exists forextended range of travel, especially to match a typical driver “tour ofduty”, which is 10-11 hours per day, and 500-600 miles per day.

There is a need for a tractor trailer containing an electric motor orhybrid engine in which all battery cells in a trailer batterycompartment can be exchanged in 15 minutes or less, the typical time ittakes to fuel an existing diesel truck.

Finally, it is observed that developing battery cell and hydrogentechnologies require large infrastructure investments. There is a needfor a tractor trailer containing an electric motor or hybrid engine inwhich the required infrastructure is limited to existing technology attractor trailer maintenance facilities, truck terminals, warehouses,cross docks, truck stops, or any facility designed fortruck/tractor-trailer traffic.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention comprises a tractor trailer battery system capableof powering or providing supplemental power (extending the range) forthe movement of the tractor trailer.

A battery range extender system for a tractor-trailer, thetractor-trailer such as tractor-trailer, a semi-trailer, a tractor andtrailer, a semi, a truck, a moving truck and other forms of movingvehicles. The tractor-trailer having a trailer; said trailer having anexterior; the battery range extender system comprising: a batterycompartment, at least one battery cell, a first controller, and a firstcharging port, wherein the battery compartment is in fixed communicationwith the exterior; the battery compartment comprising at least onebattery unit; the at least one battery unit having a battery unit cavitydefined by a first side and an oppositely opposed second side; the atleast one battery cell provided in said battery unit cavity; the atleast one battery cell in removable communication with the at least onebattery unit; wherein the at least one battery cell may be removed fromthe battery compartment for a recharging of the at least one batterycell; at least one of the first controller and the first charging portelectrically coupled with the at least one battery cell; and the atleast one battery cell electrically coupled with the tractor-trailer.

The at least one battery cell having at least one guide channel. The atleast one guide channel positioned between a battery cell first side anda battery cell second side, wherein the at least one guide channelprovides for the at least one battery cell alignment in the at least onebattery unit. The at least one battery cell having at least oneelectrical connection provided at least in close proximity to a surfaceof the at least one battery cell. The at least one electrical connectionelectrically coupled with a trailer connection. The at least one batterycell having an attachment assembly, the attachment assembly beingcoupled to a battery cell first side and wherein the at least onebattery cell may be removed from the battery compartment. The attachmentassembly further comprising, at least one of a rod, a hook and a ring.The attachment assembly of claim 1 further comprising, at least one doorin communication with at least one of said first side and saidoppositely opposed second side. The battery range extender wherein, theat least one door is pivotally attached to at least one of said firstside and said oppositely opposed second side. At least one lockingmechanism is in close proximity to at least one of the at least one doorand the at least one battery unit, providing releasable communicationwith the at least one battery cell. The at least one battery cellelectrically coupled to at least one of an electric motor and a hybridengine. The first charging port and the first controller electricallycoupled to at least one of said electric motor and said hybrid engine. Asecond charging port and a second controller positioned in closeproximity to a back of the trailer.

A method of loading at least one battery cell of a battery rangeextender system for a tractor-trailer, said tractor-trailer having atrailer; the trailer having an exterior; the method comprising:inserting extensions of a loading device into at least one guide channelof a first battery cell; inserting said first battery cell into abattery compartment, wherein said battery compartment is in fixedcommunication with said exterior; and moving said first battery cell tofirst position. Inserting a second battery cell into the batterycompartment, wherein the second battery cell exerts a force on the firstbattery cell. Moving the second battery cell to a second position.

A method of unloading at least one battery cell of a battery rangeextender system for a tractor-trailer, the tractor-trailer having atrailer; the trailer having an exterior; the method comprising:inserting extensions of a loading device into at least one guide channelof a second battery cell; and removing the second battery cell from abattery compartment, wherein the battery compartment is in fixedcommunication with the exterior. Removing a first battery cell from thebattery compartment, wherein the first battery cell and said secondbattery cell were in close communication. Attaching a mechanism firstend to the first battery cell and a mechanism second end to a vehicle,and advancing the vehicle, wherein the first battery cell is removedfrom the battery compartment.

The tractor trailer may generally comprise a tractor and a trailer inmechanical communication. The trailer may preferably comprise a storagearea having a length L₁, battery compartment, landing gear assembly, andrear wheels. The storage area may preferably be comprised of a storagearea top, a storage area front, a storage area back, a storage areabottom, a trailer right side and a trailer left side. The storage areabottom may preferably contain a reverse side from the storage area. Thelanding gear and rear wheels may be preferably in communication with thereverse side of the storage area bottom.

Spanning a length L₂, between the landing gear system and the rearwheels, may preferably be the battery compartment. The batterycompartment may preferably contain three sections: a lead compartment, abattery bank, and an aft compartment. The lead compartment maypreferably extend a predetermined distance from a front of the leadcompartment, which is preferably in close proximity to a back side ofthe landing gear assembly, to the rear of the lead compartment. Thepredetermined distance of the lead compartment may preferably be five toeight feet. Alternatively, the predetermined distance of the leadcompartment may be less than five or maybe be greater than eight feet.The lead compartment may preferably have an aerodynamic cross-section,when viewed from the trailer right side or trailer left side, startingat the rear of the lead compartment and tapering towards a storage areabottom. The lead compartment may preferably possess a paraboliccross-section, when view towards the storage area bottom. Alternatively,the cross-section of the lead compartment, when viewed towards thestorage area bottom, may have a polygon shape. A surface of the leadcompartment may be preferably uninterrupted by folds or creases. Thelead compartment may be preferably in communication with the reverseside of the storage area bottom.

A battery bank front may be in fixed communication with the rear of thelead compartment. The battery bank may extend a predetermined distancetowards the rear wheels. The battery bank may be preferably in fixedcommunication with reverse side of the storage area bottom.Alternatively, the battery bank may be in fixed communication with boththe reverse side of the storage area bottom and one or both of thestorage area sides.

The battery bank may preferably be in fixed communication with an aftcompartment front. The aft compartment may extend a predetermineddistance towards the rear wheels. The aft compartment may preferablyhave a geometric cross-section of a polygon. Alternatively, the aftcompartment may possess a triangular cross-section, a half-paraboliccross-section, a square cross-section, or a rectangular cross-section.The aft compartment is preferably in fixed communication with a reverseside of the storage area bottom. Alternatively, the aft compartment maybe in fixed communication with both the reverse side of the bottom ofthe storage area and one or both of storage area sides.

The lead compartment may preferably contain a hinged latch allowing forthe storage of various components. Alternatively, the lead compartmentmay be removable. The aft compartment may preferably contain a hingedlatch for the storage of various components. Alternatively, the aftcompartment may be removable.

The battery bank may preferably contain four battery units.Alternatively, the battery bank may contain more than four battery unit.Alternatively, the battery bank may contain less than four batteryunits. Each battery unit may preferably contain two battery cells.Alternatively, each battery unit may contain more than two batterycells. Alternatively, each battery unit may contain less than twobattery cells. Adjacent battery units are separated by a volume.

The battery cell may preferably comprise: a battery cell first side, abattery cell second side, a battery cell bottom, a battery cell topside, a first entry side, and a second entry side, which may bepreferably combined to form a quadrilateral. The battery cell bottom maypreferably house two guide channels. A first entry for each of the guidechannels may be provided by openings in the first entry side. A secondentry for each of the guide channels may be provided by openings in thesecond entry side. A first entry edge of the battery cell first side, afirst entry edge of the second side, a second entry edge of the firstside and a second entry edge of the second side may preferably have thelength L6 which define a height of the battery cell. Alternatively, thefirst entry edge of the battery cell first side, the first entry edge ofthe second side, the second entry edge of the first side and the secondentry edge of the second side may vary in length in order for thebattery cell top side to have a parallel orientation with the batterycell bottom.

Electrical connections for the battery cell may be preferably welded,mechanically attached, or molded to an outer surface of the battery celltop side. Alternatively, the electrical connections for the battery cellmay be partially encapsulated in the battery cell top side.Alternatively, the electrical connections for the battery cell may be inrotational communication with the battery cell top side. The batterycell may preferably possess two electrical connections between the firstentry side and the second entry side at a distance of ½ the length Lfrom the first entry side. One electrical connection may preferably belocated in close proximity to the battery cell first side, and oneelectrical connection may preferably be located in close proximity tothe battery cell second side. Alternatively, the battery cell mayincorporate less than two electrical connections at a variety oflocations on the outer surface of the battery cell top side.Alternatively, the battery cell may incorporate more than two electricalconnections at a variety of locations on the outer surface of thebattery cell top side.

The guide channels may preferably extend a width of the battery cell andhave a rectangular cross-section. Alternatively, the guide channels mayhave various quadrilateral cross-sections. The battery cell maypreferably contain one or more second sections between guide channels,where the number of guide channels is greater than or equal to two.Preferably the guide channels of a battery cell are dimensioned, andspaced apart, to accommodate a forklift or other moving equipment in theindustry. Alternatively, the battery cell may contain less than twoguide channels. Alternatively, the battery cell may contain more thantwo guide channels.

At least one, preferably one, attachment assembly may be located on thefirst entry side, and at least one, preferably one, attachment assemblymay be located on the second entry side. The attachment assemblypreferably may comprise a cavity, within the first entry side and secondentry side, and a rod mounted into the cavity, the rod being coupled toa battery cell first entry side. The orientation of the rod within thecavity may preferably allow for a hooking or clasping assembly to engagethe rod. Alternatively, the rod may be a hook or ring. Alternatively,the rod, hook or ring may be in mechanical communication with a firstentry side outer surface and the second entry side outer surface.Alternatively, the rod, hook or ring may be in moldable communicationwith the first entry side outer surface and the second entry side outersurface.

As to the trailer, the storage area bottom may preferably contain anelectrical connection. Each electrical connection may preferably be inphysical communication with one electrical connection from the batterycell. Alternatively, the electrical connection contained in the storagearea bottom may comprise a metal strip contacting electrical connectionsof multiple battery cells within the battery unit. Alternatively, theelectrical connection may comprise a section of metal spanning all or aportion of the trailer storage area width and all or a portion of thetrailer storage area length.

The battery compartment may preferably house the battery unit comprisedof battery cells. The battery cells rest upon a top surface of thebattery compartment base. The battery compartment has a width preferablyequal to the trailer storage area width. Alternatively, the width of thebattery compartment may be greater than or less than the trailer storagearea width. At the extent of the width of the battery compartment, alongthe right side of the trailer and along the left side of the trailer,each battery unit cavity housing each battery unit may be preferablyenclosed with battery compartment doors. Alternatively, one batterycompartment door may enclose all battery unit cavities on the right sideof the trailer, and one battery compartment door may enclose all batteryunit cavities on the left side of the trailer. Alternatively, multiplebattery compartment doors may enclose multiple battery unit cavities onone or both sides of the trailer with a number of battery compartmentdoors on a given side of the trailer being less than the number ofenclosed battery unit cavities.

Each battery unit may preferably have a battery unit width less than thebattery compartment width. Alternatively, each battery unit may have abattery unit width equal to the battery compartment width. Between eachbattery compartment door and the battery unit for each battery cell in abattery unit may preferably be two locking mechanisms. The lockingmechanisms may preferably reside near the top surface of the batterycompartment base. Alternatively, the battery compartment doors may notbe present as a feature.

The battery compartment doors may preferably slide in a vertical fashionon both the right side and the left side of the trailer. Alternatively,the battery compartment doors may swing upwards supported with rotatingarms. Each battery compartment door may possess two rotating arms perside of the battery compartment door. Alternatively, each batterycompartment door may possess less than two, or more than two, rotatingarms per side of the battery compartment door.

The action of loading multiple battery cells or a single battery cellmay preferably occur on either the right side or the left side of thetrailer. A moving vehicle, which possesses the appropriate type andnumber of extensions, may insert the extensions into the guide channelsof a first battery cell. The moving vehicle may include but is notlimited to forklifts and other moving equipment. The battery compartmentdoors may be opened. The moving vehicle may place the first battery cellinto the battery unit cavity. The moving vehicle may lift a secondbattery cell, and move the second battery cell so that the secondbattery cell exerts a moving force on the first battery cell. The movingforce may cause the first battery cell to move to a first battery cellposition. The first battery cell may cease movement upon contact with afirst locking mechanism system. The first locking mechanism system maypreferably automatically lock the first battery cell in the firstbattery cell position. Alternatively, the first locking mechanism systemmay be engaged manually. The second battery cell may move into a secondbattery position. The second battery cell may cease advancement uponcontacting a second locking mechanism system. The second locking systemautomatically locks the second battery cell in the second battery cellposition. Alternatively, the second locking mechanism system may beengaged manually.

The first electrical connections of the first battery cell maypreferably be in communication with the trailer storage area firstelectrical connection for the battery unit cavity. With the secondbattery cell in the second battery cell position, the second electricalconnections of the second battery cell may preferably be incommunication with the trailer storage area second electrical connectionfor the battery unit cavity. Alternatively, the battery cell unit mayinclude one battery cell or more than two battery cells. The number ofelectrical connections may increase with an increase in the number ofbattery cells employed per battery unit. The closed door for the batterycompartment may complete the application of the battery cells to abattery unit cavity.

Regarding removal of the battery cells from the battery unit cavity, amoving vehicle may insert extensions into the guide channels of thesecond battery cell. The moving vehicle may remove the second batterycell from the battery unity cavity. A first end of an attachingmechanism may be attached to the moving vehicle. The moving vehicle maybe a loading device (such as a forklift truck or pallet jack). Placementof attachment mechanism on the moving vehicle may be at any location onthe moving vehicle. A second end of the attachment mechanism is attachedto the attachment assembly of the first battery cell. The moving vehicleremoves the first battery cell with a pulling action. Loading andremoval of all battery cells from the battery compartment preferablylasts a duration less than or equal to 15 minutes. Alternatively, theloading and removal of all battery cells from the battery compartmentmay last a duration greater than 15 minutes.

The battery unit cavity may be preferably defined by battery unitcontainment barriers. Each battery unit containment barrier may bepreferably comprised of one piece. Alternatively, each battery unitcontainment barrier may be comprised of multiple segments. Each batteryunit containment barrier may preferably extend a width equal to or inclose proximity to the battery compartment width. Alternatively, eachbattery unit containment barrier may extend a width which is preferablyless than the battery compartment width. At an intersection of the topof the battery compartment and the battery compartment containmentbarrier top, a battery compartment containment barrier first ledge mayextend over the battery unit cavity and battery unit for the respectivebattery unit cavity for a predetermined distance. Each trailer storagearea electrical connection may be mechanically attached or welded to abattery unit containment barrier first ledge top. Each battery cellelectrical connection may be in physical communication with a batteryunit containment barrier first ledge bottom. An electrical lead may bemechanically attached or welded to the trailer storage area electricalconnection. The electrical lead may extend in a direction towards thetractor. Preferably the connection does not include a battery unitcontainment barrier second ledge. Alternatively, the connection includesa battery unit containment barrier second ledge, ipsilateral withrespect to battery unit containment barrier first ledge, on which eachbattery cell rests.

Each electrical lead may preferably extend towards the front of thestorage area. The electrical leads may preferably end at a first trailermounted controller. The first trailer mounted controller preferablycontains a first external charging port. Alternatively, the firstexternal charging port is separate from the first trailer mountedcontroller. A connection may preferably provide electrical communicationbetween the first trailer mounted controller and an external electricaladapter. A transfer electrical connection may electrically connect theexternal electrical adapter with a cab mounted external electricaladapter. The cab mounted external electrical adapter may electricallyconnect to a cab mounted controller. The cab mounted controllerpreferably contains a second external charging port. Alternatively, thesecond external charging port is separate from the cab mountedcontroller. An electrical network may provide electrical communicationbetween the cab mounted controller and an electric motor or hybridengine system.

Second electrical leads are mechanically attached or welded to thetrailer storage area electrical connection. Each second electrical leadextends towards the storage area back. The second electrical leadspreferably will extend within the trailer storage area. Alternatively,the second electrical leads will extend outside the trailer storagearea, or within and outside the trailer storage area. The secondelectrical leads end at a second trailer mounted controller, located inclose proximity to the storage area back. The second trailer mountedcontroller preferably contains a third external charging port.Alternatively, the third external charging port is separate from thesecond trailer mounted controller.

The battery system described may preferably allow for either the firsttrailer mounted controller/first external port, the cab mountedcontroller/second external port, or the second trailer mountedcontroller/third external port to provide principal communication to theelectric motor or hybrid engine system. Alternatively, the batterysystem as described may allow for a combination of two or all of thefirst trailer mounted controller/first external port, the cab mountedcontroller/second external port, or the second trailer mountedcontroller/third external port to provide principal communication to theelectric motor or hybrid engine system. Communication as describedallows for the charging of the battery cells in the battery compartmentas well as transfer of energy to the electric motor/hybrid enginesystem.

Further, such communication allows for either or a combination of thefirst trailer mounted controller/first external port and the secondtrailer mounted controller/third external port to provide for chargingof the battery cells in the battery compartment when the trailer isunhooked from the tractor. This is ideal for when the trailer ispositioned at a loading/unloading dock. Where the tractor and trailerare hooked together, the battery system described may preferably allowfor the first trailer mounted controller/first external port, the cabmounted controller/second external port, and the second trailer mountedcontroller/third external port, individually or in combination, toprovide for the battery cells in the battery compartment to charge atthe same rate as tractor batteries, housed within the electricmotor/hybrid engine system.

An intended benefit of the invention is the extension of the range oftravel. An unintended benefit of the invention is a range of travellasting an entire driver “tour of duty”, typically an 8-14 hour workshift. Dimensional qualities of the battery system realize unintendedbenefits of reduced air resistance on the tractor trailer during motionas compared to tractor trailers lacking side fairings. The dimensionalqualities of the battery system realize an additional unintended benefitof causing the tractor trailer to have a lower center of gravity due toadded weight of the battery system. It is an intended benefit of theinvention that the required infrastructure is limited to existingtechnology at tractor trailer maintenance facilities, truck terminals,warehouses, cross docks, truck stops, or any facility designed fortruck/tractor-trailer traffic.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a side view of a tractor trailer containing a batterycompartment.

FIG. 2 is a bottom plan view of a tractor trailer containing the batterycompartment.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a battery cell.

FIG. 4 is a side view of the battery cell.

FIG. 5 is a front side view of the battery cell.

FIG. 6 is a cross-section of a trailer containing the batterycompartment.

FIG. 7 is a rear view of the trailer containing the battery compartment.

FIG. 8 is a rear view of the trailer containing the battery compartment.

FIG. 9 is a cross-section of the trailer and the battery compartment,with the loading of a first battery cell into a battery unit of thebattery compartment of the trailer.

FIG. 10 is a cross-section of the trailer and the battery compartment,with the loading of a second battery cell into the battery unit of thebattery compartment of the trailer.

FIG. 11 is a cross-section of the trailer, and the battery compartmentcontaining the first battery cell and the second battery cell, where abattery compartment door remains open.

FIG. 12 is a cross-section of the trailer, and the battery compartmentcontaining the first battery cell and the second battery cell, where abattery compartment door is closed.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a battery unit housed in a battery unitcavity.

FIG. 14 is a cross-section of the trailer, and the battery compartmentcontaining the first battery cell and the second battery cell, where amoving vehicle removes the second battery cell.

FIG. 15 is a cross-section of the trailer, and the battery compartmentcontaining the first battery cell, where the moving vehicle employs anattaching mechanism to remove the first battery cell.

FIG. 16 is a side view of the tractor trailer containing the batterysystem.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Although the disclosure hereof is detailed and exact to enable thoseskilled in the art to practice the invention, the physical embodimentsherein disclose merely exemplify the invention which may be embodied inother specific structures. While the preferred embodiment has beendescribed, the details may be changed without departing from theinvention, which is defined by the claims.

Now turning to the Figures, FIG. 1 provides a semi-trailer 10 containinga battery system 12 according to the invention. The tractor trailer 10generally comprises a tractor 102 and a trailer 100 in mechanicalcommunication. The tractor 102 preferably incorporates a chassis 104.The chassis 104 having a front 106 and a back 108. Rotationally attachedto the front 106 of the chassis 104 is preferably a set of front wheels120. Rotationally attached to the back 108 of the chassis 104 arepreferably two sets of middle wheels 130. Alternatively, the chassis 104may contain one set of middle wheels 130. Attached to a top 109 of thechassis 104 is a cab 105. The cab 105 containing a back 188 facing thetrailer 100. The cab 105 is attached allowing for the top 109 of thechassis 104 at the back 108 of the chassis 104 to be in movablecommunication with the trailer 100.

The trailer 100 comprises a storage area 114, battery compartment 116,landing gear assembly 140, and rear wheels 170. The storage area 114 ispreferably defined by a storage area top 182, a storage area front 184,a storage area back 186, a storage area bottom 180, and storage areasides 189 (only one storage area side 189 is illustrated in the figure).The storage area front 184 faces the back 188 of the cab 105. Thestorage area front 184 is physically attached to the storage area bottom180 such that the storage area bottom 180 is the segment of the trailer100 in movable communication with the chassis 104. The storage areasides 189 are physically attached to opposing edges of the storage areafront 184 and the storage area bottom 180. The storage area back 186 isphysically attached to the storage area bottom 180 and the storage areasides 189 such that the storage area front 184 and the storage area back186 are opposite one another. The storage area top 182 physicallyattaches to the storage area front 184, the storage area back 186 andthe storage area sides 189, opposite the storage area bottom 180. Thestorage area 114 of the trailer 100 having a trailer storage area length115, comprising a length L₁(112), from the storage area front 184 to thestorage area back 186.

The storage area bottom 180 contains a reverse side 187 from the storagearea 114. When the tractor 102 and the trailer 100 are in movablecommunication, the landing gear assembly 140 is preferably fixed to thereverse side 187 of the storage area bottom 180 in close proximity tothe chassis 104. The landing gear assembly 140 preferably contains alanding gear 142 fixed to the reverse side 187 of the storage areabottom 180 in close proximity to the chassis 104. The landing gearassembly 140 may alternatively possess a landing gear support 144, fixedto the landing gear 140 and the reverse side 187 of the storage areabottom 180 for providing additional support for the landing gearassembly 140. Two sets of rear wheels 170 are preferably rotationallyattached to the reverse side 187 of the storage area bottom 180 in closerelation to the storage area back 186. Alternatively, one set of rearwheels 170 may be rotationally attached to the reverse side 187 of thestorage area bottom 180 in close relation to the storage area back 186.A section 192 between the landing gear assembly 140 and the rear wheelsamounts to a length L₂(190).

Spanning the length L₂(190) of section 192 is the battery compartment116. The battery compartment preferably contains three sections: a leadcompartment 117, a battery bank 150, and an aft compartment 118. Thelead compartment 117 extends a predetermined distance from a front 194of the lead compartment 117, which is preferably in close proximity to aback side 146 of the landing gear assembly 140, to the rear 195 of thelead compartment 117. The predetermined distance of the lead compartment117 is preferably five to eight feet. Alternatively, the predetermineddistance of the lead compartment may be less than five or maybe begreater than eight feet. The back side 146 of the landing gear assembly140 faces opposite the tractor 102. The lead compartment 117 preferablyhas an aerodynamic cross-section, when viewed from the trailer rightside or trailer left side, starting at the rear 195 of the leadcompartment 117 and tapering towards the storage area bottom 180 whilemoving towards the front 194 of the rear compartment 117. The leadcompartment 117 is in communication with the reverse side 187 of thestorage area bottom 180. The lead compartment 117 preferably contains ahinged latch 172 allowing for the storage of various components.Alternatively, the lead compartment 117 is removable allowing for theaccumulating of components and reinsertion of the lead compartment 117for storage. The lead compartment 117 has a width 280 equating to thelength L₃(228) at the rear 195 of the lead compartment 117.

A battery bank front 196 is in fixed communication with the rear 195 ofthe lead compartment 117. The battery bank extends a predetermineddistance towards the rear wheels 170 and ends at a battery bank rear197. The battery bank 150 is preferably in fixed communication withreverse side 187 of the storage area bottom 180. Alternatively, thebattery bank 150 is in fixed communication with both the reverse side187 of the storage area bottom 180 and one or both of the storage areasides 189.

The battery bank 150 is in fixed communication with an aft compartmentfront 198. The aft compartment 118 extends a predetermined distancetowards the rear wheels 170 to an aft compartment rear 199. The aftcompartment rear 199 is in close proximity to the rear wheels 170. Theaft compartment 118 has a geometric cross-section of a polygon.Alternatively, the aft compartment 118 may possess a triangularcross-section, a half-parabolic cross-section, a square cross-section,or a rectangular cross-section. The aft compartment 118 is preferably infixed communication with reverse side 187 of the storage area bottom180. Alternatively, the aft compartment is in fixed communication withboth the reverse side 187 of the bottom 180 of the storage area 114 andone or both of storage area sides 189. The aft compartment 118preferably contains a hinged latch 172 allowing for the storage ofvarious components. Alternatively, the aft compartment 118 is removableallowing for the accumulating of components and reinsertion of the aftcompartment 118 for storage.

The battery bank 150 contains a number of battery units 160. The batterybank 150 preferably contains four battery units 160. Alternatively, thebattery bank 150 may contain more than four battery units 160.Alternatively, the battery bank 150 may contain less than four batteryunits 160.

FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the trailer 100, which illustrates thestorage area sides 189 separately as a trailer right side 210 and anopposite trailer left side 220 of the trailer 100. A distance betweenthe trailer right side 210 and the trailer left side 220 is a length L₃(228). The length L₃ (228) equates to a trailer storage area width 298.Each battery unit 160 preferably contains two battery cells 230.Alternatively, each battery unit 160 may contain more than two batterycells 230. Alternatively, each battery unit 150 may contain less thantwo battery cells 230. Adjacent battery units 160 are separated by avolume 260. The dimension 270 of the volume 260 between consecutivebattery units 160 has a length L₄(240). The volume 260 may be comprisedof air or another material. A volume 260 is preferably located betweenconsecutive battery bank units 160. Alternatively, volume 260 may beintermittently applied or not applied in the entirety.

The lead compartment 117 preferably possesses a parabolic cross-section250, when view towards the storage area bottom 180. Alternatively, thecross-section 250 of the lead compartment, when viewed towards thestorage area bottom 180, has a polygon shape. A surface 290 of the leadcompartment 117 is preferably uninterrupted by folds or creases.Alternatively, the surface 290 of the lead compartment 117 may beinterrupted by folds and creases, across the width 296 of the leadcompartment 117, which form sides of the lead compartment 117.

Dimensional qualities of the battery system realize unintended benefitsof reduced air resistance on the tractor trailer during motion ascompared to tractor trailers lacking side fairings. The dimensionalqualities of the battery system realize an additional unintended benefitof causing the tractor trailer to have a lower center of gravity due toadded weight of the battery system.

Addressing FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the preferred embodiment of the batterycell 230 comprises the following. The battery cell 230 comprises: abattery cell first side 310, a battery cell second side 320, a batterycell bottom 330, a battery cell top side 340, a first entry side 350,and a second entry side 360, which are combined to form a quadrilateral.The battery cell bottom 330 contains a first entry edge 302 and anopposite second entry edge 304 separated by a first edge 332 and anopposite second edge 370 of the battery cell bottom 330, each having alength L₅ (392). Alternatively, the lengths of the first edge 332 andthe second edge 370 may differ. The battery cell bottom 330 preferablyhouses two guide channels 380 extending from the first entry edge 302 tothe second entry edge 304. A first entry 420 for each of the guidechannels 380 is provided by openings 384 in the first entry side 350. Asecond entry 432 for each of the guide channels 380 is provided byopenings 384 in the second entry side 360. The battery cell bottom 230is molded, mechanically attached, or welded to the battery cell firstside 230 at the first edge 332. An intersection 336 of the battery cellbottom 330 and the battery cell first side 310 forms a preferably equalto ninety degrees. Alternatively, the intersection 336 between thebattery cell bottom 330 and the battery cell first side 310 may be lessthan ninety degrees or greater than ninety degrees.

The battery cell bottom 330 is molded, mechanically attached, or weldedto the battery cell second side 320 at the second edge 370 of thebattery cell bottom 330. The second edge 370 is positioned opposite thefirst edge on the plane 334 of the battery cell bottom 330. Anintersection 338 of the battery cell bottom 330 and the battery cellsecond side 320 forms a preferably equal to ninety degrees.Alternatively, the intersection 338 between the battery cell bottom 330and the battery cell second side 320 may be less than ninety degrees orgreater than ninety degrees. The battery cell first side 310 and thebattery cell second side 320 are ipsilateral, as to one another, withrespect to the battery cell bottom 330.

The first entry side 350 is molded, mechanically attached, or welded to:the battery cell bottom 330 at the first entry edge 302, the first entryedge 312 of the battery cell first side 310, and the first entry edge314 of the second side 320. The first entry side 350 contains openings384 corresponding to the guide channels 380 in the battery cell bottomside 330. The second entry side 360 is molded, mechanically attached, orwelded to: the battery cell bottom 330 at the second entry edge 304, thesecond entry edge 316 of the battery cell first side 310 and the secondentry edge 318 of the battery cell second side 320. The first entry edge312 of the battery cell first side 310, the first entry edge 314 of thesecond side 320, the second entry edge 316 of the first side 310 and thesecond entry edge 318 of the second side 320 preferably have the lengthL6(396) which define a height of the battery cell 230. Alternatively,The first entry edge 312 of the battery cell first side 310, the firstentry edge 314 of the second side 320, the second entry edge 316 of thefirst side 310 and the second entry edge 318 of the second side 320 mayvary in length in order for the battery cell top side 340 to have aparallel orientation with the battery cell bottom 330.

The battery cell first side 310 and the battery cell second side 320 arepreferably separated by a length L₇(398) through the entirety of thelength L₆(396). Alternatively, the battery cell first side 310 and thebattery cell second side 320 may be separated by a variable lengththrough the length L₆(396). The second entry side 360 contains openings(not shown in FIG. 3) corresponding to the guide channels 380 in thebattery cell bottom 330. The battery cell top side 340 is molded,mechanically attached, or welded to the geometry created by theintersection is the battery cell first side 310, battery cell secondside 320, first entry side 350, second entry side 360 and the batterycell bottom 330, opposite the bottom 330. Application of the top side340 creates the battery cell 230.

At least one, preferably one, attachment assembly 362 is located on thefirst entry side 350, and at least one, preferably one, attachmentassembly 362 is located on the second entry side 360. The at least one,preferably one, attachment assembly 362 on the first entry side 350 andsecond entry side 360 is preferably located in close proximity to thecell bottom 330 and at a median location between the battery cell firstside 310 and the battery cell second side 320. Alternatively, the atleast one, preferably one, attachment assembly 362 on the first entryside 350 and second entry side 360 is located at any location on thefirst entry side 350 and second entry side 360. The attachment assembly362 preferably comprises a cavity 364, within the first entry side 350and side entry side 360, and a rod 368 mounted into the cavity 364. Theorientation of the rod 368 within the cavity allowing for a hooking orclasping assembly to engage the rod. Alternatively, the rod 368 may be ahook or ring. Alternatively, the rod 368, hook or ring may be inmechanical communication with a first entry side outer surface 354 andthe second entry side outer surface (not illustrated in the figures).Alternatively, the rod 368, hook or ring may be in moldablecommunication with the first entry side outer surface 354 and the secondentry side outer surface (not illustrated in the figures).

Electrical connections 390 for the battery cell 230 are preferablywelded, mechanically attached, or molded to an outer surface 342 of thebattery cell top side 340. Alternatively, the electrical connections 390for the battery cell 230 may be partially encapsulated in the batterycell top side 340. Alternatively, the electrical connections 390 for thebattery cell 230 may be in rotational communication with the batterycell top side 340. The battery cell 230 preferably possesses twoelectrical connections 390 located between the first entry side 350 andthe second entry side 360 at a distance of ½ the length L₅(392) from thefirst entry side 350. One electrical connection 390 is preferablylocated in close proximity to the battery cell first side 310, and oneelectrical connection 390 is preferably located in close proximity tothe battery cell second side 320. Alternatively, the battery cell 230may incorporate less than two electrical connections 390 at a variety oflocations on the outer surface 342 of the battery cell top side 340.Alternatively, the battery cell 230 may incorporate more than twoelectrical connections 390 at a variety of locations on the outersurface 342 of the battery cell top side 340.

Focusing on FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the guide channels 380 extend a width 408of the battery cell 230. The guide channels 380 preferably have arectangular cross-section 560. Commencing of the rectangularcross-section 560 preferably occurs a length L₁₀(520) from the batterycell first side 310. The length L₁₀(520) preferably is constant throughthe width 408 of the battery cell 230. Alternatively, the lengthL₁₀(520) may vary through the width 408 of the battery cell 230. Thecross-section 560 of the guide channel 380 commences at the distanceL₁₀(520) from the first side 310 with a first height 512 extending alength L₈(514), which equates to a guide channel first height 512, intothe cavity 404 of the battery cell 230 from the battery cell bottom 330.The guide channel first height 512 preferably maintains the lengthL₈(514) through the width 408 of the battery cell 230. Alternatively,the of the guide channel first height 512 varies along the width 408 ofthe battery cell 230. The first height 512 is intersected at the lengthL₈(514), or a variation of the guide channel first height 512, from thebattery cell bottom 330 with a guide channel top 550.

The guide channel top 550 preferably intersects the first height 512 ata ninety degree angle. Alternatively, the guide channel top 550intersects the first height 512 at an angle greater than ninety degreesor at an angle less than ninety degrees. The guide channel top 550extends a length L₉(510) directed away from the battery cell first side310. The length L₉(510) preferably remains constant through the width408 of the battery cell 230. Alternatively, the guide channel top 550may vary in the length L₉(510) through the width 408 of the battery cell230. At the length L₉(510) a second height 570 intersects the guidechannel top 550, and extends a length L₁₂(574) towards the battery cellbottom 330. The second height 570 preferably intersects the guidechannel top 550 at a ninety degree angle. Alternatively, the secondheight 570 intersects the guide channel top 550 at an angle greater thanninety degrees or at an angle less than ninety degrees. The secondheight 570 preferably maintains the length L₁₂(574) through the width408 of the battery cell 230. Alternatively, the second height 512 of theguide channels 380 varies along the along the width 408 of the batterycell 230.

The second height 570 intersects a second section 582 of the batterycell bottom 330. The second section 582 of the battery cell bottom 330has a length L₁₁(530) which is preferably constant over the width 408 ofthe battery cell 230. Alternatively, the length L₁₁(530) may vary overthe width 408 of the battery cell 310. At the length L₁₁(530) the bottommechanically interacts with a second guide channel 590 or the batterycell second side 320. The cross-section 560 mechanical relationshipcontinues until the battery cell second side 320 is contacted. Thebattery cell 230 preferably contains two guide channels 380. Preferablythe length L₁₁(530) is of a dimension accommodating a forklift or othermoving equipment in the industry. Alternatively, the battery cell 230may contain less than two guide channels 380. Alternatively, the batterycell 230 may contain more than two guide channels 380. Thus, the batterycell 230, alternatively, may contain more than one second section 582,where the number of guide channels 380 is greater than two.

Turning to FIG. 6, which illustrates a cross sectional view of thetrailer 100 containing a battery compartment 116 and the trailer storagearea 114. The storage area bottom 180 contains an electrical connection660. Each electrical connection 660 is preferably in physicalcommunication with one electrical connection 390 from the battery cell230. Alternatively, the electrical connection 660 may comprise a metalstrip (not shown in the figures) spanning the trailer storage area width298 or a distance less than the length L₃(228) of the trailer storagearea width 298 of the trailer 100 such that the metal strip (not shownin the figures) contacts electrical connections 390 of multiple batterycells 230 within the battery unit 160. Alternatively, the electricalconnection 660 may comprise a section of metal spanning all or a portionof the trailer storage area width 298 and all or a portion of thetrailer storage area length 115.

The battery compartment 116 houses the battery unit 160 comprised ofbattery cells 230. The battery compartment 116 comprises a top 622 whichamounts to the storage area bottom 180. Mechanically attached or weldedto the top 622 of the battery compartment 116 is a frame structure (notshown in the figures) having a height 680 equal to or slightly greaterthan the length L6(396) of the battery cell 230. Mechanically attachedor welded to the frame structure (not shown in the figures) is a batterycompartment base 630. The battery cells 230 rest upon a top surface 632of the battery compartment base 630. The battery compartment 116 has awidth 690 preferably equal to the trailer storage area width 298.Alternatively, the width 690 of the battery compartment 116 may begreater than or less than the trailer storage area width 298.

At the extent of the width 690 of the battery compartment 116, along theright side 210 of the trailer and along the left side 220 of the trailer100, each battery unit cavity 610 housing each battery unit 160 isenclosed with battery compartment doors 640. Alternatively, one batterycompartment door 640 encloses all battery unit cavities 610 on the rightside 210 of the trailer 100, and one battery compartment door 640encloses all battery unit cavities 610 on the left side 220 of thetrailer 100. Alternatively, multiple battery compartment doors 640enclose multiple battery unit cavities 610 on one or both sides of thetrailer 100 with a number of battery compartment doors 640 on a givenside of the trailer 100 being less than the number of enclosed batteryunit cavities 610.

Each battery unit 160 preferably has a battery unit width 698 less thanthe battery compartment width 690. Alternatively, each battery unit 160may have a battery unit width 698 equal to the battery compartment width690. Between each battery compartment door 640 and the battery unit 160for each battery cell 230 in a battery unit 116 is preferably twolocking mechanisms 650. The locking mechanisms preferably reside nearthe top surface 632 of the battery compartment base 630. Alternatively,the battery compartment doors 640 may not be present as a feature.

Moving to FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, the battery compartment doors 640preferably slide in a vertical fashion 710. The battery compartmentdoors 640 preferably slide vertically 710 on both the right side 210 andthe left side 220 of the trailer 100. Alternatively, the batterycompartment doors 640 may swing upwards 820. In swinging upwards 820,the battery compartment doors 640 may be supported with rotating arms810. The rotating arm 810 is rotationally in communication with a side830 of each battery compartment door 640 on one side 850 of the rotatingarm 810. An opposite side 860 of the rotating arm 810 is rotationallyattached to the right side 210 or left side 220 of the trailer 100.Preferably each battery compartment door 640 possesses two rotating arms810 per side 830 of the battery compartment door 640. Alternatively,each battery compartment door 640 possesses less than two, or more thantwo, rotating arms 810 per side 830 of the battery compartment door 640.

FIG. 9, FIG. 10, FIG. 11, and FIG. 12 illustrate the loading of multiplebattery cells 230 into a battery unit cavity 610. The action of loadingmultiple battery cells 230 or a single battery cell 230 can occur oneither the right side 210 or the left side 220 of the trailer 100. Theaction of loading a first battery cell 950 into a battery unit cavity610 commences with a moving vehicle 910 which possesses the appropriatetype and number of extensions 920. The moving vehicle 910 includes butis not limited to forklifts and other moving equipment. Theappropriateness of the extensions depend the extension 920 dimensions,number of extensions 920, number of guide channels 380, and location ofthe guide channels 380 along the bottom 330 of the first battery cell950. The moving vehicle 910 inserts the extensions 920 into the guidechannels 380 of a first battery cell 950. The battery compartment doors640 are opened 940. The moving vehicle 910 places 930 the first batterycell 950 into the battery unit cavity 610. The moving vehicle may applya force 932 in some manner to encourage the placing 930 of the firstbattery cell 950 in to the battery unit cavity 610.

FIG. 10 illustrates the application of multiple battery cells 230 into abattery unit 160. The battery compartment 116 door remains open 1040.The moving vehicle 910 lifts a second battery cell 1020, and moves 1030the second battery cell 1020 so that the second battery cell 1020 exertsa moving force 1032 on the first battery cell 950. As illustrated inFIG. 11, the moving force 1032 causes the first battery cell 950 to moveto a first battery cell position 1130. The first battery cell 950 ceasesmovement upon contact with a first locking mechanism system 1150. Thefirst locking mechanism system 1150 automatically locks the firstbattery cell 950 in the first battery cell position 1130. Alternatively,the first locking mechanism system 1150 may be engaged manually. Thesecond battery cell 1020 moves into a second battery position 1140. Thesecond battery cell 1020 ceases advancement upon the first entry side350 or second entry side 360 contacting a second locking mechanismsystem 1152. The second locking system 1152 automatically locks thesecond battery cell 1020 in the second battery cell position 1140.Alternatively, the second locking mechanism system 1152 may be engagedmanually.

With the first battery cell 950 in the first battery cell position 1130,the first electrical connections 1190 of the first battery cell 950 arein communication with the trailer storage area 114 first electricalconnection 1160 for the battery unit cavity 610, housed in the top 622of the battery compartment 116. With the second battery cell 1020 in thesecond battery cell position 1140, the second electrical connections1192 of the second battery cell 1020 are in communication with thetrailer storage area 116 second electrical connection 1162 for thebattery unit cavity 610, housed in the top 622 of the batterycompartment 116. Alternatively, the battery cell unit 160 may includeone battery cell 230 or more than two battery cells 230. The number ofelectrical connections 1196 increase with an increase in the number ofbattery cells 230 employed per battery unit 160. As illustrated in FIG.12, the closed door 1240 for the battery compartment 116 completes theapplication of the battery cells (950, 1020) to a battery unit cavity610.

FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 illustrate removal of the battery cells (950, 1020)from the battery unit cavity 610. In FIG. 14, a moving vehicle 910inserts extensions 920 into the guide channels 380 of the second batterycell 1020. The moving vehicle 910 removes 1402 the second battery cell1020 from the battery unity cavity 610. In FIG. 15, a first end 1502 ofan attaching mechanism 1510 is attached to the moving vehicle 910.Placement of attachment mechanism 1510 on the moving vehicle 910 may beat any location on the moving vehicle 910. A second end 1504 of theattachment mechanism 1510 is attached to the attachment assembly 362 ofthe first battery cell 950. The moving vehicle 910 removes the firstbattery cell 950 with a pulling action 1520.

Loading and removal of all battery cells 230 from the batterycompartment 116 preferably lasts a duration less than or equal to 15minutes. Alternatively, the loading and removal of all battery cells 230from the battery compartment 116 may last a duration greater than 15minutes.

FIG. 13 and FIG. 16 illustrate electrical connectivity of the batterycells 230 to the tractor trailer 10. FIG. 13 illustrates the electricalconnectivity regarding individual battery units 160 and battery cells230. The first battery cell 950 and the second battery cell 1020 arepositioned as a battery unit 160 occupying the battery unit cavity 610.The battery unit cavity 610 is preferably defined by battery unitcontainment barriers (1310, 1312). Each battery unit containment barrier(1310, 1312) is preferably comprised of one piece. Alternatively, eachbattery unit containment barrier (1310, 1312) may be comprised ofmultiple segments. Each battery unit containment barrier (1310, 1312)preferably extends a width 1350 equal to or in close proximity to thebattery compartment width 690. Alternatively, each battery unitcontainment barrier (1310, 1312) extends a width 1350 which ispreferably less than the battery compartment width 690. Each batteryunit containment barrier (1310, 1312) preferably possesses a height 1360equivalent to the height 680 of the battery containment frame structure(not shown in the figure). At an intersection (not shown in the figure)of the top 622 of the battery compartment 116 and the batterycompartment containment barrier top 1336, a battery compartmentcontainment barrier first ledge (1320, 1322) extends over the batteryunit cavity 610 and battery unit 160 for the respective battery unitcavity 610 for a predetermined distance. Each trailer storage area 114electrical connection (660, 1160, 1162) is mechanically attached orwelded to a battery unit containment barrier first ledge top 1339. Eachbattery cell electrical connection (390, 1190, 1192) is in physicalcommunication with a battery unit containment barrier first ledge bottom1338. An electrical lead 1340 is mechanically attached or welded to thetrailer storage area electrical connection (610, 1160, 1162). Theelectrical lead extends in a direction towards the tractor 102 (notshown in the figure). Opposite the battery unit containment barrier top1336 is a connection 1380 between each battery unit containment barrier(1310, 1312) and the battery compartment base 630. Preferably theconnection 1380 does not include a battery unit containment barriersecond ledge (1330, 1332). Alternatively, the connection 1380 includes abattery unit containment barrier second ledge (1330, 1332), ipsilateralwith respect to battery unit containment barrier first ledge (1320,1322), on which each battery cell 230 rests.

FIG. 16 illustrates the electrical connection between the battery cells230 and an electric motor or hybrid motor 1478. Each electrical lead1340 extends towards the front of the storage area 184. The electricalleads 1340 preferably will extend within the trailer storage area 114.Alternatively, the electrical leads 1340 will extend outside the trailerstorage area 114, or within and outside the trailer storage area 114.The electrical leads 1340 end at a first trailer mounted controller1410. The first trailer mounted controller 1410 preferably contains afirst external charging port 1630. Alternatively, the first externalcharging port 1630 is separate from the first trailer mounted controller1410. An external electrical adapter 1430 for the trailer 100, ismechanically attached to the trailer exterior 1482. Alternatively, theexternal electrical adapter 1430 may be housed partially on the trailerexterior 1482 and partially within the trailer storage area 114. Aconnection 1420 provides electrical communication between the firsttrailer mounted controller 1410 and the external electrical adapter1430. A cab mounted external electrical adapter 1460 is mechanicallyattached to the back 188 of the cab 105. Alternatively, the cab mountedexternal electrical adapter 1460 may be housed partially on the cabexterior 1488 and partially within the cab 105. Alternatively, the cabmounted external adapter 1460 may be mechanically attached to thechassis 104. A transfer electrical connection 1440 electrically connectsthe external electrical adapter 1430 with the cab mounted externalelectrical adapter 1460. The cab mounted external electrical adapter1460 electrically connects to a cab mounted controller 1450. The cabmounted controller 1450 preferably contains a second external chargingport 1640. Alternatively, the second external charging port 1640 isseparate from the cab mounted controller 1450. An electrical network1470 provides electrical communication between the cab mountedcontroller 1460 and an electric motor or hybrid engine system 1478. Thebattery system 12 described allows for either the trailer mountedcontroller 1410 or the cab mounted controller 1450 to provide principalcommunication to the electric motor or hybrid engine system 1478.

Second electrical leads 1610 are mechanically attached or welded to thetrailer storage area electrical connection (610, 1160, 1162). Eachsecond electrical lead 1610 extends towards the storage area back 186.The electrical leads 1610 preferably will extend within the trailerstorage area 114. Alternatively, the second electrical leads 1610 willextend outside the trailer storage area 114, or within and outside thetrailer storage area 114. The second electrical leads 1610 end at asecond trailer mounted controller 1620, located in close proximity tothe storage area back. The second trailer mounted controller 1620preferably contains a third external charging port 1650. Alternatively,the third external charging port 1650 is separate from the secondtrailer mounted controller 1620. The second trailer mounted controller1620 preferably contains a third external charging port 1650.Alternatively, the third external charging port 1650 is separate fromthe second trailer mounted controller 1620.

The battery system 12 described preferably allows for either the firsttrailer mounted controller 1410/first external port 1630, the cabmounted controller 1450/second external port 1640, or the second trailermounted controller 1620/third external port 1650 to provide principalcommunication to the electric motor/hybrid engine system 1478.Alternatively, the battery system 12 as described may allow for acombination of two or all of the first trailer mounted controller1410/first external port 1630, the cab mounted controller 1450/secondexternal port 1640, or the second trailer mounted controller 1620/thirdexternal port 1650 to provide principal communication to the electricmotor/hybrid engine system 1478. Communication as described allows forthe charging of the battery cells 230 in the battery compartment 116 aswell as transfer of energy to the electric motor/hybrid engine system1478.

Further, such communication allows for either or a combination of thefirst trailer mounted controller 1410/first external port 1630 and thesecond trailer mounted controller 1620/third external port 1650 toprovide for charging of the battery cells 230 in the battery compartment116 when the trailer 100 is unhooked from the tractor 102. This is idealfor when the trailer 100 is positioned at a loading/unloading dock.Where the tractor 102 and trailer 100 are hooked together, the batterysystem 12 described may preferably allow for the first trailer mountedcontroller 1410/first external port 1630, the cab mounted controller1450/second external port 1640, and the second trailer mountedcontroller 1620/third external port 1650, individually or incombination, to provide for the battery cells 230 in the batterycompartment 116 to charge at the same rate as tractor batteries (notillustrated in the figures), housed within the electric motor/hybridengine system 1478.

An intended benefit of the invention is the extension of the range oftravel. An unintended benefit of the invention is a range of travellasting an entire driver “tour of duty”, typically an 8-14 hour workshift. Dimensional qualities of the battery system realize unintendedbenefits of reduced air resistance on the tractor trailer during motionas compared to tractor trailers lacking side fairings. The dimensionalqualities of the battery system realize an additional unintended benefitof causing the tractor trailer to have a lower center of gravity due toadded weight of the battery system.

The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles ofthe invention. Furthermore, since numerous modifications and changeswill readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired tolimit the invention to the exact construction and operation shown anddescribed. While the preferred embodiment has been described, thedetails may be changed without departing from the invention. Finally, itis an intended benefit of the invention that the infrastructure forcharging is limited to existing technology at tractor trailer 10maintenance facilities, truck terminals, warehouses, cross docks, truckstops, or any facility designed for truck/tractor-trailer traffic.

We claim:
 1. A battery range extender system for a tractor-trailer, saidtractor-trailer having a trailer; said trailer having an exterior; saidbattery range extender system comprising: a battery compartment, atleast one battery cell, a first controller, and a first charging port,wherein said battery compartment is in fixed communication with saidexterior; said battery compartment comprising at least one battery unit;said at least one battery unit having a battery unit cavity defined by afirst side and an oppositely opposed second side; at least one door incommunication with at least one of said first side and said oppositelyopposed second side; said at least one battery cell provided in saidbattery unit cavity; said at least one battery cell in removablecommunication with said at least one battery unit; wherein said at leastone battery cell may be removed from said battery compartment for arecharging of said at least one battery cell; at least one of said firstcontroller and said first charging port electrically coupled with saidat least one battery cell; and said at least one battery cellelectrically coupled with said tractor-trailer.
 2. The battery rangeextender system of claim 1 further comprising, said at least one batterycell having at least one guide channel.
 3. The battery range extendersystem of claim 2 further comprising, said at least one guide channelpositioned between a battery cell first side and a battery cell secondside, wherein said at least one guide channel provides for said at leastone battery cell alignment in said at least one battery unit.
 4. Thebattery range extender system of claim 1 further comprising, said atleast one battery cell having at least one electrical connectionprovided at least in close proximity to a surface of said at least onebattery cell.
 5. The battery range extender of claim 4 furthercomprising, said at least one electrical connection electrically coupledwith a trailer connection.
 6. The battery range extender of claim 1further comprising said at least one battery cell having an attachmentassembly, said attachment assembly being coupled to a battery cell firstside and wherein said at least one battery cell may be removed from saidbattery compartment.
 7. The attachment assembly of claim 6 furthercomprising, at least one of a rod, a hook and a ring.
 8. The batteryrange extender of claim 1 wherein, said at least one door is pivotallyattached to at least one of said first side and said oppositely opposedsecond side.
 9. The battery range extender of claim 1 furthercomprising, at least one locking mechanism in close proximity to atleast one of said at least one door and said at least one battery unit,providing releasable communication with said at least one battery cell.10. The battery range extender of claim 1 further comprising, said atleast one battery cell electrically coupled to at least one of anelectric motor and a hybrid engine.
 11. The battery range extender ofclaim 10 further comprising said first charging port and said firstcontroller electrically coupled to at least one of said electric motorand said hybrid engine.
 12. The battery range extender of claim 10further comprising a second charging port and a second controllerpositioned in close proximity to a back of said trailer.
 13. A method ofloading at least one battery cell of a battery range extender system fora tractor-trailer, said tractor-trailer having a trailer; said trailerhaving an exterior; said method comprising: inserting extensions of aloading device into at least one guide channel of a first battery cell;inserting said first battery cell into a battery compartment, whereinsaid battery compartment is in fixed communication with said exterior;and moving said first battery cell to first position; and inserting asecond battery cell into said batten compartment, wherein said secondbattery cell exerts a force on said first battery cell.
 14. The methodof claim 13 further comprising, moving said second battery cell to asecond position.
 15. A method of unloading at least one battery cell ofa battery range extender system for a tractor-trailer, saidtractor-trailer having a trailer; said trailer having an exterior; saidmethod comprising: inserting extensions of a loading device into atleast one guide channel of a second battery cell; and removing saidsecond battery cell from a battery compartment, wherein said batterycompartment is in fixed communication with said exterior; and removing afirst battery cell from said battery compartment wherein said firstbattery cell and said second battery cell were in close communication.16. The method of claim 15 further comprising, attaching a mechanismfirst end to said first battery cell and a mechanism second end to avehicle, and advancing said vehicle, wherein said first battery cell isremoved from said battery compartment.